GPT-4o

What if you could watch a model decide? Inside the tools that open up inference mid-computation — and the limits they hit.

One chat turn isn't one model call. It's moderation, PII filtering, a tone-based router, and activation classifiers — here's the documented graph.

That one-click image generator is secretly a graph of many models. We reconstruct the hidden pipeline behind Gemini and ChatGPT.

Numbers, dates, and acronyms break text-to-speech in specific, documented ways. Here's where normalization lives — and why it depends on your model.

Hand-editing a model's output gives three training signals at once. Writing notes gives one — and a weaker one at that.

What 774 experiments and a new Armenian model reveal about the tradeoff between fluency and knowledge in low-resource languages.

Same protocol, two patterns: pointing agents at your own database, and pointing them at public data — with very different results.

MCP standardized the pipe. It has no opinion about what flows through it — and that's where the hard part lives.

A 27B model promises answers without the preamble. Its benchmark is homegrown — and the behavior it targets has a paper trail.