Umayyad Caliphate
second Islamic caliphate (661–750 CE)
Episodes
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#5684: Who Built the Dome of the Rock?The stones are documented. The dirt underneath them has never been dug. Why the Temple Mount is archaeology's biggest open question.Main topic -
#5824: Herod's Four Walls: Why Only One Became the KotelHerod built four retaining walls around the Temple Mount. Three survive today — but only one became Judaism's holiest prayer site. Here's why. -
#5822: Building Herod's Wall, One Course at a TimeHow 300-tonne limestone blocks became a 488-metre retaining wall — without anyone ever lifting them to the top. -
#5335: The Hidden History of Toilets and SanitationFrom Indus Valley flush drains to Roman sponge sticks to gong farmers — the surprising, gross, and brilliant story of human waste.